@hskoglund It worked!
I read the docs in OpenSSL provided with Qt (file INSTALL, src folder, section "Notes on shared libraries), where it states that:
On Windows build with MSVC or using MingW, shared libraries are named
libcrypto-1_1.dll and libssl-1_1.dll for 32-bit Windows, libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll
and libssl-1_1-x64.dll for 64-bit x86_64 Windows, and libcrypto-1_1-ia64.dll
and libssl-1_1-ia64.dll for IA64 Windows. With MSVC, the import libraries
are named libcrypto.lib and libssl.lib, while with MingW, they are named
libcrypto.dll.a and libssl.dll.a.
Of course, files provided with Qt are build with MSVC which is just odd considering that I installed mingw only. Anyway, instead of going with installation of provided msvc packages (they are in the Qt folder tree, ms redist 2010) I downloaded OpenSLL 1.1.1d (or 1.1.1.4 as the dll description states) precompiled with mingw from official mirror.
Works like a charm.
What mislead me was that Qt started to provide OpenSSL binaries as toolkit whereas previously I always downloaded myself. Dumb me thought that toolkit would be oriented towards the build chain / compatible.
Anyway, thank you @hskoglund for the hint.