After the advice from @SGaist I started to experiment a bit with settings of the build steps: problem disappeared after I did these three steps one by one (after each I checked if the problem is gone - it disappeared after the last step:
turning off QML debugging and profiling switch (default was "leave default", effective call showed CONFIG+=qml_debug now it is CONFIG-=) turning off QtQuick compiler (default was "leave default, effective call showed CONFIG+=qtquickcompiler now it is CONFIG-=) deleting shadow build folders (I do it routinely once a week or so anyway).Now the problem is gone, I am marking the topic as "solved".