It turned out the error I needed to research specifically was ERROR:zygote_host_impl_linux.cc(100). I found a solution here:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/62284578/docker-errorzygote-host-impl-linux-cc89-running-as-root-without-no-sandb
And the new Dockerfile is
# Use the official Python base image FROM python:3.11-bullseye RUN pip install numpy && pip install setuptools # Copy the debPackages.txt file COPY debPackages.txt . # Install Qt6 dependencies RUN apt-get update && apt-get install $(grep -vE "^\s*#" debPackages.txt | tr "\n" " ") -y # Set the working directory in the container WORKDIR /app # Copy the requirements.txt file COPY requirements.txt . # Upgrade pip RUN pip install --upgrade pip # Install the Python dependencies RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt # Copy the project files COPY . . ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=true # Export QT specific settings ENV QT_DEBUG_PLUGINS=1 ENV QT_QPA_PLATFORM=offscreen ENV QTWEBENGINE_DISABLE_SANDBOX=1 RUN pip install . # Expose the port the application runs on EXPOSE 8000 CMD ["coverage", "run", "-m", "pytest"]so adding ENV QTWEBENGINE_DISABLE_SANDBOX=1 fixed everything.