Hi. I pretty much cross-compile everything for my many PIs using multiple versions of Qt (although 5.13.0 seems to work rather nicely). I run a Fedora host, although there is no reason this shouldn't work equally as well on any other distro. (If you're running Windoze you're on your own ;)
It took a bit at first. I have a script at https://github.com/StevePunak/KanoopCommonQt/blob/master/docs/configqt which I use to do my initial configuration.
Modify the locations at the top to suit your build system, then run this script from your new shadow build location to do your configure
Three big tips to avoid unnecessary pain are:
Never build in source. Always use a shadow directory. Wherever you have the Qt source, make a directory for the build at the same level as Src/, and build there. You can rm -rf the contents of this shadow directory to get a complete clean
Before you even start trying to build, fix the symbolic links on your PI directly by using the symlinks utility 'apt-get install symlinks' and running 'sudo symlinks -c .' in /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf and /etc/alternatives'
If possible, DO NOT create a sysroot on your host. Instead use sshfs to mount your PI and use that as your sysroot. That way you will always be in sync when you install new dev packages on your PI. I can not tell you how much time that has saved me!
Hope this helps a little