@SGaist Good one! Though I had to use the C++11 version since C++14 is still in Debian Sid.
// C++11
connect(process, QOverload<int, QProcess::ExitStatus>::of(&QProcess::finished), this, &MainWindow::close);
For those who want to know, this is the C++14-version:
// C++14
connect(process, qOverload<int, QProcess::ExitStatus>(&QProcess::finished), this, &MainWindow::close);
Since the actual problem of this thread is solved, I will mark this thread as solved tomorrow. In the mean time comments on the above code can be made.