It seems that the Qt distribution on qt.io does not contains all the required files of webkit. I'm compiling Qt 5.4.1 in windows currently, and today while checking the pkgconfig files(*.pc whose located in <Qt-INSTALL-ROOT>/5.4/mingw491_32/lib/pkgconfig/), I found the contents of file Qt5Webkit.pc are like these:
prefix=D:\\Qt\\Qt5.4.1\\5.4\\mingw491_32
exec_prefix=${prefix}
libdir=${prefix}/lib
includedir=${prefix}\/include
Name: Qt5 Widgets
Description: Qt Widgets module
Version: 5.4.1
Libs: -L${libdir} -lQt5Widgetsd
Libs.private: -lcomdlg32 -loleaut32 -limm32 -lwinmm -lws2_32 -lole32 -luuid -ladvapi32 -lglu32 -lopengl32 -lgdi32 -luser32 -LC:\mingw491\mingw32\lib -LC:\Utils\icu32_53_1_mingw482\lib -LC:\utils\postgresql\pgsql\lib -LC:\utils\mysql\mysql\lib -LC:\opensll\lib -LD:\\Qt\\Qt5.4.1\\5.4\\mingw491_32/lib -lQt5Guid -lQt5Cored .obj\debug\Qt5Widgetsd_resource_res.o -lshell32
Cflags: -I${includedir}/QtWidgets -I$\{includedir\}
Requires: Qt5Core Qt5Gui
It seems to indicates that the webkit module in Qt requires some libraries which are stored in compiling directory -_-!
Well, maybe you have to download the source package of Qt and recompile it to use webkit, I think.