A weird bug? Why is there no spatial depth in my 3D scene?

[Finn]

I want to use Qt3D within Qt5.7 to plot a 3D scene (a chemical molecule) which I want to rotate.
The problem is that my 3D objects are not displayed according to their spatial positioning. The last created QEntity is always in the foreground, regardless of how I rotate the camera.
In the minimum working example below, the QEntity smallGreenSphere is always in the foreground even though it is spatially positioned behind bigRedSphere in the default view specified in the camera settings.
To rephrase the problem: My 3D scene has no depth.

Please note that smallGreenSphere is instantiated after bigRedSphere in the main.cpp file shown below:

#include <QGuiApplication>
#include <Qt3DCore>
#include <Qt3DRender>
#include <Qt3DExtras>

Qt3DCore::QEntity* createTestScene() {

  Qt3DCore::QEntity* root = new Qt3DCore::QEntity;
  Qt3DCore::QEntity* bigRedSphere = new Qt3DCore::QEntity(root);
  Qt3DCore::QEntity* smallGreenSphere = new Qt3DCore::QEntity(root);

  Qt3DExtras::QSphereMesh* bigMesh = new Qt3DExtras::QSphereMesh;
  bigMesh->setRadius(5);
  bigMesh->setRings(100);
  bigMesh->setSlices(20);

  Qt3DExtras::QSphereMesh* smallMesh = new Qt3DExtras::QSphereMesh;
  smallMesh->setRadius(2);
  smallMesh->setRings(100);
  smallMesh->setSlices(20);

  Qt3DExtras::QPhongMaterial* redMaterial = new Qt3DExtras::QPhongMaterial;
  redMaterial->setSpecular(Qt::white);
  redMaterial->setShininess(10);
  redMaterial->setAmbient(Qt::red);

  Qt3DExtras::QPhongMaterial* greenMaterial = new Qt3DExtras::QPhongMaterial;
  greenMaterial->setSpecular(Qt::white);
  greenMaterial->setShininess(10);
  greenMaterial->setAmbient(Qt::green);

  Qt3DCore::QTransform* transform =  new Qt3DCore::QTransform;
  transform->setTranslation(QVector3D(0,0,10));

  bigRedSphere->addComponent(redMaterial);
  bigRedSphere->addComponent(bigMesh);

  smallGreenSphere->addComponent(greenMaterial);
  smallGreenSphere->addComponent(smallMesh);
  smallGreenSphere->addComponent(transform);

  return root;
}


int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
  
  QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);
  Qt3DExtras::Qt3DWindow view;
  Qt3DCore::QEntity* scene = createTestScene();

  // camera
  Qt3DRender::QCamera *camera = view.camera();
  camera->lens()->setPerspectiveProjection(45, 16./9., 0.1,1000.);
  camera->setPosition(QVector3D(30., 0, 60.));
  camera->setViewCenter(QVector3D(0, 0, 0));

  // manipulator
  Qt3DExtras::QOrbitCameraController* manipulator = new Qt3DExtras::QOrbitCameraController(scene);
  manipulator->setLinearSpeed(50);
  manipulator->setLookSpeed(180);
  manipulator->setCamera(camera);

view.setRootEntity(scene);

view.show();

return app.exec();
}

This results in the following scene:
Please note that I did not rotate anything manually and that this is the output of the code above.

If I now swap the order of instantiation in createTestScene() by

Qt3DCore::QEntity* smallGreenSphere = new Qt3DCore::QEntity(root);
Qt3DCore::QEntity* bigRedSphere = new Qt3DCore::QEntity(root);

so that bigRedSphere is now instantiated after smallGreenSphere, the bigRedSphere is always in the foreground and the resulting scene (again without manual rotation) looks like this:

This proves that the order of instantiation determines what sphere is displayed in the foreground.

How can I obtain the correct 3D view regardless of the order of instantiation? Do I have to use some different rendering technique?
Thanks in advance for your help and please consider that I am new to Qt, Qt3D, and rendering in your answer.

[m.sue]

Hi,
in your code, the bigMesh has no transform. Maybe that's the problem.
-Michael.

[Finn]

@m.sue No, this is not the problem. QTransform is not required as a component. By omitting it, theQEntitiy bigRedSphere is just simply centered at the QVector3D(0,0,0).

[kshegunov]

@Finn
That's because it's bigger, thus it's closer to the camera, thus it's in front. :)
This would be what you see if you could put two balls on an axis and insert one into the other.

[Finn]

@kshegunov No! The images I am showing just the result of swapping the order of instantiation of the entities. To rephrase my problem: there is no depth in the scene. Furthermore, the spheres do not intersect each other if I understood you correctly. The small one has a radius of 2, the large has a radius of 5, and their centers have a distance of 10 => they do not intersect.

What I am actually trying to do is plotting large molecules in ball-and-stick representation and the lastly created atoms are always in the foreground of the scene.

As I tried to explain above: there is a different outcome if I create the sphere in a different order.
So if I write

Qt3DCore::QEntity* redBigSphere = new Qt3DCore::QEntity(root);
Qt3DCore::QEntity* smallGreenSphere = new Qt3DCore::QEntity(root);

instead of

Qt3DCore::QEntity* smallGreenSphere = new Qt3DCore::QEntity(root);
Qt3DCore::QEntity* redBigSphere = new Qt3DCore::QEntity(root);

the scene looks differently. In both cases manual rotation of the scene makes this problem more obvious.

Please, try to compile my example and see for yourself. If you do so, please rotate the scene by 180°. I am going crazy over this. It must be either something extremely dumb what I am doing wrong or I need to understand something more advanced of what I am not aware. I tried to figure this out the last two days but without success. I also tried to compile the example from http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qt3d-deferred-renderer-cpp-example.html example but somehow some files (e.g. the main.cpp) seem to be missing. I am really trying hard. Help is really greatly appreciated.

[kshegunov]

Swapping the order of instantiation did not change what I saw. One is still in front of the other, because relative to the angle you've set it is in front. If I move the camera it's clearly visible that it's a side look to the scene, and as the angle (compared to the axis connecting both spheres) increases it's obvious they're separated by a distance. Your example code works fine for me.

[Finn]

@kshegunov It did not change what you saw? What you described is exactly what I want. Why is it not working in my case?
Thank you so much for trying it out!
Really, what is wrong with my Qt3D ??

[kshegunov]

@Finn said in A Qt3D beginners question: Why is there no depth in my 3D scene?:

It did not change what you saw?

Nope, not a bit.

Really, what is wrong with my Qt3D ??

Probably nothing. If I had to hazard a guess you had object files left over from another build while testing. Try a full rebuild between the instantiation swaps and I'm sure you'd be convinced there's no problem.

[Finn]

@kshegunov I can really exclude this. I reproduced this very often before I made the efforts to post this. Also now I am reproducing it. Furthermore, if I rotate the orbit view by ~180° around the z-axis manually with the mouse, it still does not change the fact that the lastly instantiated sphere is still in front. Therefore, it is not possible that I am just confusing the sphere positions here. While doing the rotation around the z-axis, the smallGreenSphere changes its size as it should do because it is not in the ViewCenter but, as already said, the spatial depth is wrong. The lastly created QEntity is always in the foreground and the other objects are behind it.
Of course, I experience this also with the ball-and-stick molecules which I originally want to visualize. This applies also to QCylinders and whatsoever.

Maybe I found a weird bug here?

[m.sue]

Hi,
I cannot reproduce this problem, either.
I remember, though, I had similar issues using QPhongAlphaMaterial when I tested Qt3D. For the time being(?), we stay with QOpenGLWindow, as it has no known bugs and most important to us produces no 13% CPU load (in release version) with just two cubes to show.
-Michael.

[kshegunov]

@Finn said in A weird bug? Why is there no spatial depth in my 3D scene?:

Maybe I found a weird bug here?

It is possible.You can take a peek here to see if something's known.
What's your OS and how did you install Qt3D?

[Finn]

@kshegunov My OS is ubuntu 16.04 LTS and I got Qt 5.7 via the qt-unified-x64-2.03-1-online.run executable. In the terminal, I went into my Qt directory
/home/<username>/Qt/5.7/Src where I just entered

./configure
make
sudo make install

When wanted to compile a Qt3D example, I got some linking errors saying something about missing Qt3D libraries (which I cannot recall anymore). I could solve this by entering the following which I found in some forum:

sudo apt-get install libfontconfig1-dev libfreetype6-dev libx11-dev libxext-dev libxfixes-dev libxi-dev libxrender-dev libxcb1-dev libx11-xcb-dev libxcb-glx0-dev libxcb-keysyms1-dev libxcb-image0-dev libxcb-shm0-dev libxcb-icccm4-dev libxcb-sync0-dev libxcb-xfixes0-dev libxcb-shape0-dev libxcb-randr0-dev libxcb-render-util0-dev libxcb-xinerama0-de

Maybe this is the origin of my problems?
Should I consider reinstalling Qt completely and what would be the cleanest way to do it? Thanks a lot for your help.

[kshegunov]

@Finn said in A weird bug? Why is there no spatial depth in my 3D scene?:

Maybe this is the origin of my problems?

It's certainly possble.

sudo make install

Why do that? Your distro already provides a Qt release so my suspicion is there are some files (partially) overwritten. What I suggest is to reinstall you distro's Qt (by means of the package manager), then to configure the Qt you downloaded with a prefix (don't forget to make clean before doing the configure, or even to delete the whole folder and recreate it through the Qt installer), e.g.:

./configure -prefix /opt/Qt-5.7

make and then it's safe to make install, because the files will go to /opt/Qt-5.7.
Then you can configure a kit in creator (assuming this is what you use) that will use this version of Qt (in /opt/Qt-5.7).

[Finn]

@kshegunov No, I completely reinstalled everything to the folder /opt/Qt-5.7 by following your instructions and those in the tutorial (https://wiki.qt.io/Install_Qt_5_on_Ubuntu). Before, I deleted everything but the result is the same. So far I used CLion2016 and now I also tried the QtCreator - still the same outcome.

I also added some axes (x=red, y=green, z=blue), which are instantiated after the spheres.

Other ideas?

main.cpp

#include <QGuiApplication>
#include <Qt3DCore>
#include <Qt3DRender>
#include <Qt3DExtras>

Qt3DCore::QEntity* createTestScene() {

  Qt3DCore::QEntity* root = new Qt3DCore::QEntity;
  Qt3DCore::QEntity* smallGreenSphere = new Qt3DCore::QEntity(root);
  Qt3DCore::QEntity* bigRedSphere = new Qt3DCore::QEntity(root);


  Qt3DExtras::QSphereMesh* bigMesh = new Qt3DExtras::QSphereMesh;
  bigMesh->setRadius(5);
  bigMesh->setRings(100);
  bigMesh->setSlices(20);

  Qt3DExtras::QSphereMesh* smallMesh = new Qt3DExtras::QSphereMesh;
  smallMesh->setRadius(2);
  smallMesh->setRings(100);
  smallMesh->setSlices(20);

  Qt3DExtras::QPhongMaterial* redMaterial = new Qt3DExtras::QPhongMaterial;
  redMaterial->setSpecular(Qt::white);
  redMaterial->setShininess(10);
  redMaterial->setAmbient(Qt::red);

  Qt3DExtras::QPhongMaterial* greenMaterial = new Qt3DExtras::QPhongMaterial;
  greenMaterial->setSpecular(Qt::white);
  greenMaterial->setShininess(10);
  greenMaterial->setAmbient(Qt::green);


  Qt3DCore::QTransform* transform =  new Qt3DCore::QTransform;
  transform->setTranslation(QVector3D(0,0,10));

  bigRedSphere->addComponent(redMaterial);
  bigRedSphere->addComponent(bigMesh);

  smallGreenSphere->addComponent(greenMaterial);
  smallGreenSphere->addComponent(smallMesh);
  smallGreenSphere->addComponent(transform);

  Qt3DCore::QEntity* xaxis = new Qt3DCore::QEntity(root);
  Qt3DCore::QEntity* yaxis = new Qt3DCore::QEntity(root);
  Qt3DCore::QEntity* zaxis = new Qt3DCore::QEntity(root);

  Qt3DExtras::QCylinderMesh* cylinderMesh = new Qt3DExtras::QCylinderMesh;
  cylinderMesh->setRadius(0.2);
  cylinderMesh->setLength(20);
  cylinderMesh->setRings(100);
  cylinderMesh->setSlices(20);

  Qt3DExtras::QPhongMaterial* blueMaterial = new Qt3DExtras::QPhongMaterial;
  blueMaterial->setSpecular(Qt::white);
  blueMaterial->setShininess(10);
  blueMaterial->setAmbient(Qt::blue);

  double pi = 3.14159265359;
  Qt3DCore::QTransform* xTransform = new Qt3DCore::QTransform();
  xTransform->setTranslation(QVector3D(10,0,0));
  xTransform->setRotation(QQuaternion::fromAxisAndAngle(QVector3D(0,0,1),90));
  Qt3DCore::QTransform* yTransform = new Qt3DCore::QTransform();
  yTransform->setTranslation(QVector3D(0,10,0));
  Qt3DCore::QTransform* zTransform = new Qt3DCore::QTransform();
  zTransform->setTranslation(QVector3D(0,0,10));
  zTransform->setRotation(QQuaternion::fromAxisAndAngle(QVector3D(1,0,0),90));


  xaxis->addComponent(cylinderMesh);
  xaxis->addComponent(redMaterial);
  xaxis->addComponent(xTransform);
  yaxis->addComponent(cylinderMesh);
  yaxis->addComponent(greenMaterial);
  yaxis->addComponent(yTransform);
  zaxis->addComponent(cylinderMesh);
  zaxis->addComponent(blueMaterial);
  zaxis->addComponent(zTransform);

  return root;
}


int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

  QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);
  Qt3DExtras::Qt3DWindow view;
  Qt3DCore::QEntity* scene = createTestScene();

  // camera
  Qt3DRender::QCamera *camera = view.camera();
  camera->lens()->setPerspectiveProjection(45, 16./9., 0.1,1000.);
  camera->setPosition(QVector3D(45,15,45));
  camera->setViewCenter(QVector3D(0, 0, 0));

  // manipulator
  Qt3DExtras::QOrbitCameraController* manipulator = new Qt3DExtras::QOrbitCameraController(scene);
  manipulator->setLinearSpeed(50);
  manipulator->setLookSpeed(180);
  manipulator->setCamera(camera);

  view.setRootEntity(scene);

  view.show();

  return app.exec();
}

CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.2)

project(QtCreatorTest)

find_package(Qt5 REQUIRED COMPONENTS
        Core
        Gui
        Widgets
        3DCore
        3DExtras
        3DRender
        3DInput
        )

add_executable("${PROJECT_NAME}_main" main.cpp)

target_link_libraries("${PROJECT_NAME}_main"
        Qt5::Core
        Qt5::Gui
        Qt5::Widgets
        Qt5::3DCore
        Qt5::3DExtras
        Qt5::3DRender
        Qt5::3DInput
        )

[kshegunov]

@Finn
This is really strange. I ran your code and it works perfectly fine for me (I use qmake with a kit for Qt 5.7 though). Here's what I see:

And my project file is absolutely standard:

QT       += core gui 3dcore 3drender 3dextras

TARGET = balls-test
TEMPLATE = app

SOURCES += main.cpp

[Edit: Fixed broken link]

[Finn]

@kshegunov I tried using qmake for building but again the same outcome.

[kshegunov]

Honestly, I'd be surprised if there was a difference between using cmake and qmake. And to be completely frank I don't know what might be the cause of the problem. My current best advice is to either bring the question to the mailing list, where hopefully one of the developers of Qt3D will pick it up (but after you check there's no open bugs on this), or try and wait for some other suggestion from other of our members here.

Kind regards.

[Finn]

I tried it on my private MacBook Pro with MacOS Sierra 10.12.1 and installed Qt5 via brew install qt5. The result is still the same. What on earth can be the reason that it is working for you guys and not for me? Do I need some other libraries or build options?

[A Former User]

Sorry, as a noobie, I can't offer any insight, but I ran the code, and I'm getting the same as Finn. I'm on Qt 5.7 on Win 10.

Could it be CPU or GPU related? I'm on a 6coreAMD machine.

[Finn]

@Ian-Bray Thank you for your reply, this was very helpful! I would suggest that someone more experienced than me should report this as a bug.

[kshegunov]

@Finn said in A weird bug? Why is there no spatial depth in my 3D scene?:

this was very helpfu

Indeed, it was.

I would suggest that someone more experienced than me should report this as a bug.

There's nothing to it, you just describe the problem and attach the screenshots and the code from upstairs as a minimal reproducible example (preferably with a simple project file). As for the problem itself it may be helpful if we can squeeze some more information out. I may be running a newer (or older) version of Qt compared to you. Can you both state the full version (with patch number). I'm running Qt 5.7.2 built from git some time ago on a Linux 4.8.11 kernel.

[A Former User]

@kshegunov

I'm using qt-opensource-windows-x86-mingw530-5.7.0 on Win 10, if I get a chance I'll try it on Linux later.

[A Former User]

Sorry, this isn't going to be helpful. Just to report that both slabs of code crashed on Qt 5.7.1 GCC 64 on latest Mint.
Possibly due to lack of RAM. Not sure.

[Finn]

@Ian-Bray With Qt 5.7.1 the example works now perfectly fine for me.

[kshegunov]

Then probably it's a bug that was fixed with the patch version in the meantime. Cheers!

[A Former User]

@Finn Thanks Finn. I'll update later!

[A Former User]

@kshegunov Must have been quite a big one. I ran the 3d Materials Example on 5.7.0 two days ago - it was horrible. I updated to 5.7.1 yesterday and ran it again - works perfect now.

[kshegunov]

Well, 5.7.0 was Qt3D's first official release, and the code hasn't matured as much as the other modules, so some bumps along the road are expected. My biggest beef with Qt3D actually is its very thin documentation, but I'm sure that'll improve with time.:)