How to use Windows QT to call WSL cmd?

[NTU_WTY]

@JonB said in How to use Windows QT to call WSL cmd?:

You might also try e.g.
sh.start("cmd", QStringList() << "/c" << "echo Hello >> C:\Temp\tempfile.txt");

Please be sensible about the path, whatever works for you. Does this work?

Yes! It generates tempfile and also Hello inside this file. It only fails when related to wsl.

I try to rewrite the code by mimicking from the doc:

QObject *parent;
QString program = "cmd";
QStringList arguments;
arguments << "/c" << "C:\\Windows\\System32\\wsl.exe" << "ls"; 
QProcess *sh = new QProcess(parent);
sh->start(program, arguments);

connect(sh, &QProcess::errorOccurred, this, [](QProcess::ProcessError error) { qDebug() << error; });

It outputs this when the object is created:
21:17:42: C:/Users/USER/Documents/Code/Qt/build-testQT-Desktop_Qt_5_15_2_MinGW_32_bit-Debug/debug/testQT.exe crashed.
I'm not sure if I wrote it right. Thank you for your patience~ Please correct me and give me more hints!

[jsulm]

@NTU_WTY said in How to use Windows QT to call WSL cmd?:

QObject *parent;

This is dangling pointer!
If you do not need a parent then pass nullptr instead!

QProcess *sh = new QProcess();

If you really want a proper parent then pass a pointer to an existing (allocated) object.

[NTU_WTY]

@jsulm said in How to use Windows QT to call WSL cmd?:

This is dangling pointer!
If you do not need a parent then pass nullptr instead!
QProcess *sh = new QProcess();

If you really want a proper parent then pass a pointer to an existing (allocated) object.

Thank you~ The code executed successfully without any messages after null ptr correction. So... what shall I do next to get some info from the process?

[JonB]

@NTU_WTY said in How to use Windows QT to call WSL cmd?:

what shall I do next to get some info from the process?

So connect(&sh, &QProcess::errorOccurred, this, [](QProcess::ProcessError error) { qDebug() << error; }) does not lead to any output now when you run the wsl subprocess?

[NTU_WTY]

@JonB said in How to use Windows QT to call WSL cmd?:

So connect(&sh, &QProcess::errorOccurred, this, [](QProcess::ProcessError error) { qDebug() << error; }) does not lead to any output now when you run the wsl subprocess?

No, no output. Actually I wrote: connect(sh, &QProcess::errorOccurred, this, [](QProcess::ProcessError error) { qDebug() << error; }); since &sh will get error.

[JonB]

@NTU_WTY
I would connect QProcess::stateChanged() next.

[NTU_WTY]

@JonB said in How to use Windows QT to call WSL cmd?:

I would connect QProcess::stateChanged() next.

I modified the connect line to:

connect(sh, &QProcess::stateChanged, this, [](QProcess::ProcessState newState) { qDebug() << newState; });

It outputs: QProcess::NotRunning

[JonB]

@NTU_WTY
Have you put this connect() (indeed any/all connect()s) before your sh->start(program, arguments);? We want this signal connected and reporting before it attempts to start the program.

[NTU_WTY]

@JonB OK, now it outputs three lines:

• QProcess::Starting
• QProcess::Running
• QProcess::NotRunning

[JonB]

@NTU_WTY
So that implies it did start, then ran and stopped running (i.e. finished). I suspect the whole thing is working, it is not evident what "proof" you have that it is not.

QProcess *sh = new QProcess(parent);
connect(sh, &QProcess::errorOccurred, this, [](QProcess::ProcessError error) { qDebug() << error; });
connect(sh, &QProcess::stateChanged, this, [](QProcess::ProcessState newState) { qDebug() << newState; });
connect(sh, QOverload<int, QProcess::ExitStatus>::of(&QProcess::finished),
    [=](int exitCode, QProcess::ExitStatus exitStatus){ qDebug() << exitCode << exitStatus; });
connect(sh, &QProcess::readyReadStandardError, this, [=]() { qDebug() << "stderr:" << sh->readAllStandardError(); });
connect(sh, &QProcess::readyReadStandardOutput, this, [=]() { qDebug() << "stdout:" << sh->readAllStandardOutput(); });

sh->start(program, arguments);

It is now up to you to test with various parameters for program and arguments. For example

sh->start("cmd", QStringList() << "/c" << "dir");

should test that the above code is working as you would expect.

sh->start("C:\\Windows\\System32\\wsl.exe", QStringList() << "--help");

should prove that wsl runs, it should report back its "usage".

sh->start("C:\\Windows\\System32\\wsl.exe", QStringList() << "ls");

should get your wsl to do an ls and output whatever that outputs, provided wsl allows you do that (I would not know if there is some issue there).

[NTU_WTY]

@JonB Thank you so much. Do I need to set parent as nullptr? And the readyReadStandardError and readyReadStandardOutput would get error so I comment them first. Here's the code I slightly modified:

QProcess *sh = new QProcess();
connect(sh, &QProcess::errorOccurred, this, [](QProcess::ProcessError error) { qDebug() << error; });
connect(sh, &QProcess::stateChanged, this, [](QProcess::ProcessState newState) { qDebug() << newState; });
connect(sh, QOverload<int, QProcess::ExitStatus>::of(&QProcess::finished),[=](int exitCode, QProcess::ExitStatus exitStatus){ qDebug() << exitCode << exitStatus; });
//connect(sh, &QProcess::readyReadStandardError, this, [sh]() { qDebug() << "stderr:" << readAllStandardError(); });
//connect(sh, &QProcess::readyReadStandardOutput, this, [sh]() { qDebug() << "stdout:" << readAllStandardOutput(); });

QString program = "cmd";
QStringList arguments;
arguments << "/c" << "dir" << ">>" << "C:\\Temp\\dir_res.txt";
//arguments << "/c" << "C:\\Windows\\System32\\wsl.exe" << "ls" << ">>" << "C:\\Temp\\ls_res.txt";
sh->start(program, arguments);

The dir command successfully list the files in dir_res.txt with Qt output as:

• QProcess::Starting
• QProcess::Running
• QProcess::NotRunning
• 0 QProcess::NormalExit

The wsl command still creates empty file in ls_res.txt with Qt output as:

• QProcess::Starting
• QProcess::Running
• QProcess::NotRunning
• 1 QProcess::NormalExit

if I change the program directly to "C:\\Windows\\System32\\wsl.exe", the output is:

• QProcess::Starting
• QProcess::NotRunning
• QProcess::FailedToStart

[JonB]

@NTU_WTY said in How to use Windows QT to call WSL cmd?:

Do I need to set parent as nullptr?

Doesn't matter (for our purposes), this might be a better choice.

And the readyReadStandardError and readyReadStandardOutput would get error so I comment them first.

No, you are not supposed to comment them out, you are supposed to make them work. Preferably on your own, if you want my help please don't say they "get error", copy & paste the line and the error message. Or do you expect someone to guess what the issue is rather than you doing that?

I seem to have to repeat myself. Can you please start by doing as I ask, with code working and my commands. Don't start doing your own commands till those are resolved. I have said we need to get behaviour we understand first before you introduce redirection. Can you please do the 3 commands I wrote, and report the output, before you do your own variations. And you must get the connect(sh, &QProcess::readyRead...s working for these....

[NTU_WTY]

@JonB said in How to use Windows QT to call WSL cmd?:

&QProc

The error is: Use of undeclared identifier 'readAllStandardError'
I tried this way to make it work (please correct me if I'm wrong):

connect(sh, &QProcess::readyReadStandardError, this, [sh]() { qDebug() << "stderr:" << sh->readAllStandardError(); });
connect(sh, &QProcess::readyReadStandardOutput, this, [sh]() { qDebug() << "stdout:" << sh->readAllStandardOutput(); });

After this modification, the output of sh->start("C:\\Windows\\System32\\wsl.exe", QStringList() << "--help"); is:

• QProcess::Starting
• QProcess::NotRunning
• QProcess::FailedToStart

same as the output of sh->start("C:\\Windows\\System32\\wsl.exe", QStringList() << "ls");

The output of sh->start("cmd", QStringList() << "/c" << "dir"); is:

QProcess::Starting
QProcess::Running
stdout: " \xBA\xCF\xBA\xD0\xB0\xCF C \xA4\xA4\xAA\xBA\xBA\xCF\xBA\xD0\xA8S\xA6\xB3\xBC\xD0\xC5\xD2\xA1""C\r\n \xBA\xCF\xBA\xD0\xB0\xCF\xA7\xC7\xB8\xB9:  4E94-6F25\r\n\r\n C:\\Users\\USER\\Documents\\Code\\Qt\\build-testQT-Desktop_Qt_5_15_2_MinGW_32_bit-Debug \xAA\xBA\xA5\xD8\xBF\xFD\r\n\r\n"
stdout: "2022/08/30  \xA4U\xA4\xC8 03:26    <DIR>          .\r\n2022/08/30  \xA4U\xA4\xC8 03:26    <DIR>          ..\r\n2022/08/23  \xA4U\xA4\xC8 06:37               985 .qmake.stash\r\n2022/08/23  \xA4U\xA4\xC8 04:29    <DIR>          .qtc_clangd\r\n2022/08/30  \xA4U\xA4\xC8 06:29    <DIR>          debug\r\n2022/08/24  \xA4W\xA4\xC8 09:43            27,314 Makefile\r\n2022/08/24  \xA4W\xA4\xC8 09:43            36,629 Makefile.Debug\r\n2022/08/24  \xA4W\xA4\xC8 09:43            36,723 Makefile.Release\r\n"
stdout: "2022/08/23  \xA4U\xA4\xC8 06:37    <DIR>          release\r\n2022/08/29  \xA4U\xA4\xC8 03:04                 0 res.txt\r\n2022/08/24  \xA4W\xA4\xC8 10:13    <DIR>          Test\r\n2022/08/24  \xA4W\xA4\xC8 09:43             2,976 ui_mainwindow.h\r\n2022/08/29  \xA4U\xA4\xC8 03:55                 0 usersuserappdatalocaltemptmp1ia32l\r\n2022/08/30  \xA4U\xA4\xC8 03:26                 0 usersuserappdatalocaltemptmp1raevz\r\n2022/08/29  \xA4U\xA4\xC8 04:50                 0 usersuserappdatalocaltemptmp6vdzgw\r\n2022/08/24  \xA4W\xA4\xC8 09:45                 0 usersuserappdatalocaltemptmpc2kqux\r\n2022/08/29  \xA4U\xA4\xC8 09:05                 0 usersuserappdatalocaltemptmpdaqef2\r\n2022/08/24  \xA4W\xA4\xC8 10:02                 0 usersuserappdatalocaltemptmpeilcjn\r\n2022/08/29  \xA4U\xA4\xC8 03:51                 0 usersuserappdatalocaltemptmpfppfsf\r\n2022/08/29  \xA4U\xA4\xC8 10:06                 0 usersuserappdatalocaltemptmphst0vl\r\n2022/08/29  \xA4W\xA4\xC8 11:18                 0 usersuserappdatalocaltemptmpmxin8w\r\n2022/08/26  \xA4W\xA4\xC8 08:19                 0 usersuserappdatalocaltemptmppjmq8y\r\n2022/08/29  \xA4U\xA4\xC8 10:08                 0 usersuserappdatalocaltemptmpxs1ja2\r\n2022/08/29  \xA4U\xA4\xC8 03:15                 0 usersuserappdatalocaltemptmpypomgz\r\n              18 \xAD\xD3\xC0\xC9\xAE\xD7         104,627 \xA6\xEC\xA4\xB8\xB2\xD5\r\n"
stdout: "               6 \xAD\xD3\xA5\xD8\xBF\xFD  597,839,917,056 \xA6\xEC\xA4\xB8\xB2\xD5\xA5i\xA5\xCE\r\n"
QProcess::NotRunning
0 QProcess::NormalExit

[JonB]

@NTU_WTY said in How to use Windows QT to call WSL cmd?:

The error is: Use of undeclared identifier 'readAllStandardError'

I think you copied what I had written when I first posted, I corrected that to sh->readAll....() soon after as you can see in my earlier post and that is what you have now, so you are seeing the output correctly.

So you now show the dir command working just as we would expect, good. Now you must try the other two. Ah, I see you are saying with C:\Windows\System32\wsl.exe as the command you always get QProcess::FailedToStart, right? Well, you were the one who said this is the full path to the wsl executable, not me! Before we revert to trying to call it via cmd /c, could you please tell me exactly what you have in C:\Windows\System32 directory which is wsl-something?

[NTU_WTY]

@JonB said in How to use Windows QT to call WSL cmd?:

could you please tell me exactly what you have in C:\Windows\System32 directory which is wsl-something?

There are 3 files containing "wsl" in my C:\Windows\System32 directory by entering dir "wsl*" /s in the terminal:

• wsl.exe
• wslapi.dll
• wslconfig.exe

[JonB]

@NTU_WTY
Then I have no idea why you cannot execute C:\Windows\System32\wsl.exe from QProcess, and you get QProcess::FailedToStart.

So the best we can do is run these:

sh->start("cmd", QStringList() "/c" << "C:\\Windows\\System32\\wsl.exe --help");
sh->start("cmd", QStringList() "/c" << "C:\\Windows\\System32\\wsl.exe ls");

If you have to enter just wsl instead of C:\\Windows\\System32\\wsl.exe then please do so. We want to see whether either of these send back any output.

[JonB]

@NTU_WTY
BIG QUESTION (possibly): Are you compiling your Qt application as 64-bit or as 32-bit??

[NTU_WTY]

@JonB
The full output is:

20:23:41: Starting C:/Users/USER/Documents/Code/Qt/build-testQT-Desktop_Qt_5_15_2_MinGW_32_bit-Debug/debug/testQT.exe...
QProcess::Starting
QProcess::Running
stderr: "'C:\\Windows\\System32\\wsl.exe' \xA4\xA3\xACO\xA4\xBA\xB3\xA1\xA9\xCE\xA5~\xB3\xA1\xA9R\xA5O\xA1""B\xA5i\xB0\xF5\xA6\xE6\xAA\xBA\xB5{\xA6\xA1\xA9\xCE\xA7\xE5\xA6\xB8\xC0\xC9\xA1""C\r\n"
QProcess::NotRunning
1 QProcess::NormalExit
20:23:47: C:/Users/USER/Documents/Code/Qt/build-testQT-Desktop_Qt_5_15_2_MinGW_32_bit-Debug/debug/testQT.exe exited with code 

If I replace the full path to just "wsl":

20:26:02: Starting C:/Users/USER/Documents/Code/Qt/build-testQT-Desktop_Qt_5_15_2_MinGW_32_bit-Debug/debug/testQT.exe...
QProcess::Starting
QProcess::Running
stderr: "'wsl' \xA4\xA3\xACO\xA4\xBA\xB3\xA1\xA9\xCE\xA5~\xB3\xA1\xA9R\xA5O\xA1""B\xA5i\xB0\xF5\xA6\xE6\xAA\xBA\xB5{\xA6\xA1\xA9\xCE\xA7\xE5\xA6\xB8\xC0\xC9\xA1""C\r\n"
QProcess::NotRunning
1 QProcess::NormalExit
20:26:08: C:/Users/USER/Documents/Code/Qt/build-testQT-Desktop_Qt_5_15_2_MinGW_32_bit-Debug/debug/testQT.exe exited with code 0

Shall I try 64-bit?

[JonB]

@NTU_WTY
We may have some big clue here.....

I have been typing an awful lot into this thread! You must try to do some common-sense things yourself, without my having to instruct you every time.

The first thing thing is we are getting some output/message here. I want you/me to be able to read it intelligibly! Try something to turn it into text for your qDebug(), maybe call toStdString() on the QByteArray returned or QString::fromUtf8(). Please don't ask me, I don't have Qt on Windows, I don't know. There must be examples out there.

The other thing is I now see build-testQT-Desktop_Qt_5_15_2_MinGW_32_bit-Debug. I had no idea you were making a 32-bit executable. Now, I have a feeling this may be the cause of the problem. You are trying to run \windows\system32\wsl.exe. I am thinking that is 64-bit. And I am guessing you cannot run that from 32-bit?

In a Command Prompt do a dir /s/b c:\wsl.exe. That will search your whole drive. I know you'll get C:\windows\system32\wsl.exe, but do you also get a C:\windows\SysWOW64\wsl.exe? I am thinking you might need one of:

• Change your Qt application to compile for 64-bit and then C:\windows\system32\wsl.exe should work?
• In your current 32-bit try C:\windows\SysWOW64\wsl.exe if that exists? It is also possible that wsl demands 64-bit and will not work under 32-bit, did you look that up to see?

Get the commands we have discussed working --- or at least producing readable messages --- before you try to introduce redirections like >> --- trust me! wsl --help should be your starting command --- that ought produce some usage output, which you should be able to capture and see successfully, before you move onto trying an actual Linux command like ls and/or output redirection.

[NTU_WTY]

@JonB

1. Sorry that I haven't found the way to make the qDebug output readable.
2. The MinGW 64-bit running current Qprocess still shows "NotRunning". However, after I tested different combination for a while, I found that it works for my beginning way of QProcess::execute("cmd /c C:/Windows/System32/wsl.exe ls >> C:\\Temp\\res.txt"). Before it outputs wsl is not recognized as an internal or external command, now it can successfully redirect whatever the wsl command output to a .txt.
3. If I replace C:/Windows/System32/wsl.exe to wsl.exe or C:/Windows/WinSxS/amd64_microsoft-windows-lxss-wsl_.../wsl.exe, they all works.

Thank you for spending so long time to solve my problem!