Insert record into QSqlTableModel

tovax

@jsulm The help manual says：

bool QSqlTableModel::insertRecord(int row, const QSqlRecord &record)
Inserts the record at position row. If row is negative, the record will be appended to the end.

jsulm

This post is deleted!

JonB

@tovax
Listen carefully! :) To emulate rows in Excel, you should not use any auto-incremented primary key in the database! That is not the way to do it, and leads to your "missing row" problem.

Instead, you must your own "row number" integer variable as a column. But not auto-incremented. Instead, you must fill it with the desired row number. And if you insert a row you must write code to renumber all the subsequent ones to allow for this one to go in, and if you delete a row you must write code to decerment all the higher ones to close the gap.

Trust me :D

tovax

@JonB Thank you very much! According to your suggestion, I have implemented the insertion function. As you said, the primary key not auto-incremented, and renumber primary key before inserting.
Best regards!

void JCDemoDatabase::onInsertClicked()
{
    qDebug() << __FUNCTION__ << tableView->currentIndex().row();

    // current row
    int32_t currentRowIndex = tableView->currentIndex().row();

    // prepare insert primary key
    tableModel->database().transaction();
    insertPrimaryKey(tableModel, currentRowIndex);

    // new record
    QSqlRecord record = tableModel->record();
    for (int32_t columnIndex = Table::Field::Min; columnIndex <= Table::Field::Max; columnIndex++) {
        record.setValue(Table::FieldText[columnIndex], QString("---"));
    }
    record.setValue(Table::PrimaryKey, currentRowIndex + 1);

    // insert new record
    if (!tableModel->insertRecord(currentRowIndex, record)) {
        qDebug() << __FUNCTION__ << "Error 1: " << tableModel->lastError().text();
    }

    // submit all
    if (tableModel->submitAll()) {
        tableModel->database().commit();
    } else {
        tableModel->database().rollback();
        qDebug() << __FUNCTION__ << "Error 2: " << tableModel->lastError().text();
    }
}

int32_t JCDemoDatabase::insertPrimaryKey(QSqlTableModel *model, int32_t row)
{
    // TODO: invalid
    // model->record(rowIndex).setValue(Table::PrimaryKey, (rowIndex + 1));

    // key
    int32_t oldMax = model->record(model->rowCount() - 1).value(Table::PrimaryKey).toInt();
    int32_t newMax = model->rowCount() + 1;
    if (oldMax < newMax) {
        oldMax = newMax;
    }

    // backup
    for (int32_t rowIndex = 0; rowIndex < model->rowCount(); rowIndex++) {
        QSqlRecord record = model->record(rowIndex);
        record.setValue(Table::PrimaryKey, oldMax + 1 + rowIndex);
        model->setRecord(rowIndex, record);
    }
    if (model->submitAll()) {
        model->database().commit();
    } else {
        model->database().rollback();
        qDebug() << __FUNCTION__ << 1 << model->lastError().text();
    }

    // less than "row"
    for (int32_t rowIndex = 0; rowIndex < row; rowIndex++) {
        QSqlRecord record = model->record(rowIndex);
        record.setValue(Table::PrimaryKey, rowIndex + 1);
        model->setRecord(rowIndex, record);
    }
    if (model->submitAll()) {
        model->database().commit();
    } else {
        model->database().rollback();
        qDebug() << __FUNCTION__ << 2 << model->lastError().text();
    }

    // reserve row for currentRowIndex

    // greater than "row"
    for (int32_t rowIndex = row; rowIndex < model->rowCount(); rowIndex++) {
        QSqlRecord record = model->record(rowIndex);
        record.setValue(Table::PrimaryKey, rowIndex + 2);
        model->setRecord(rowIndex, record);
    }
    if (model->submitAll()) {
        model->database().commit();
    } else {
        model->database().rollback();
        qDebug() << __FUNCTION__ << 3 << model->lastError().text();
    }

    return row + 1;
}

JonB

@tovax
Hmm, I'm a bit worried about your algorithm. Depends how this works in your database, and how the updates/transactions work, but....

I see when you insert you renumber upwards. If this is a unique/primary key, that will keep "bumping into" the number above which already exists (hasn't been renumbered yet). Which might error?

If it were me: to renumber for an insert I would start from the highest number, increment that, prodceed downward through the numbers. To renumber for a delete, I would start from one above the delete, decrement, then proceed upward till the last row. Makes sense?

Of course, your approach is incredibly slow (at least for a remote/full database, not just a local file) across a large number of rows. I take it you are not concerned about having a thousand or a million of them....?

Christian Ehrlicher

A key in a db is there so it gets not reused. It's somehow contradicts the reason for a primary key... If a column with an id is deleted this id should not be used again. I also don't see why it should be needed in your case at all.

JonB

@Christian-Ehrlicher
(I believe) the reason is the OP is wanting to emulate "inserting a row of data in Excel table". So he wants a row number of some description to get the ordering. Which I have said he should implement himself, not make auto-increment do it. (He might still use an auto-inc for the PK to identify the row if he wishes, but a dedicated unique column for the ordered row number usage.)

Christian Ehrlicher

A PK is not to be used for ordering or something else.

JonB

@Christian-Ehrlicher
Um, that's what I've been saying.... Hence he needs something else for ordering.
TBH it's not even the PK which is at issue here, it's the auto-increment being unsuitable for OP's ordering.

tovax

@JonB I'm not sure I understand your algorithm correctly.

int32_t JCDemoDatabase::insertPrimaryKey(QSqlTableModel *model, int32_t row)
{
    int32_t keyMax = model->record(model->rowCount() - 1).value(Table::PrimaryKey).toInt();

    // greater than "row"
    for (int32_t rowIndex = row; rowIndex < model->rowCount(); rowIndex++) {
        QSqlRecord record = model->record(rowIndex);
        record.setValue(Table::PrimaryKey, (keyMax + 2) + (rowIndex - row));
        model->setRecord(rowIndex, record);
    }
    if (model->submitAll()) {
        model->database().commit();
    } else {
        model->database().rollback();
        qDebug() << __FUNCTION__ << 1 << model->lastError().text();
    }

    return keyMax + 1; // reserve for insertion
}

int32_t JCDemoDatabase::removePrimaryKey(QSqlTableModel *model, int32_t row)
{
    int32_t key = model->record(row).value(Table::PrimaryKey).toInt();

    // less than "row"
    for (int32_t rowIndex = row - 1; rowIndex >= 0; rowIndex--) {
        QSqlRecord record = model->record(rowIndex);
        record.setValue(Table::PrimaryKey, (key - 1) + (rowIndex - (row - 1)));
        model->setRecord(rowIndex, record);
    }
    if (model->submitAll()) {
        model->database().commit();
    } else {
        model->database().rollback();
        qDebug() << __FUNCTION__ << 1 << model->lastError().text();
    }

    return 0;
}

tovax

@JonB I just deleted "AUTOINCREMENT" in the primary key.

sql.append(QStringLiteral("%1 INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT").arg(Table::PrimaryKey));

sql.append(QStringLiteral("%1 INTEGER PRIMARY KEY").arg(Table::PrimaryKey));

“Instead, you must your own "row number" integer variable as a column. But not auto-incremented. Instead, you must fill it with the desired row number.”
Is this "row number" not a primary key, please?

tovax

@Christian-Ehrlicher Hi, I want to keep the correct row number information so that I can highlight the corresponding row in tableview after receiving the correlation signal. Row number information is not the most important, as long as the correct order can be specified, the row number information can be regenerated by sequence.
Best regards!

JonB

@tovax said in Insert record into QSqlTableModel:

@JonB I'm not sure I understand your algorithm correctly.

Let's say you want to insert at row number rowNum, then algorithmically:

for (int row = rowCount(); row > rowNum; row--)
    rows[row] = rows[row - 1];
    rows[row].order = row;
record.order = rowNum;
insertAt(rowNum, record);

Let's say you want to delete at row number rowNum, then algorithmically:

deleteAt(rowNum);
for (int row = rowNum; row < rowCount() - 1; row++)
    rows[row] = rows[row + 1];
    rows[row].order = row;

You may have to play with my code a bit, but you should get the idea.

Is this "row number" not a primary key, please?

Your ordering row number column value will have to change as you insert/delete rows, else it will go wrong. For example, if you have rows 1--10 and you want to insert a new one at 5 you will have to increment existing 5--10 ones to "make space" for new 5. The rows being "moved" are the same rows as they were before the move. Usually we do not change the primary key of a record in a table, it represents the record as though it were, say, a unique ID. (Indeed, your PK might me some unique ID, nothing like an incrementing number.) So... the "ordering" column would be best being its own column, so we are free to change it on an existing record --- by all means a unique-value column, but not the primary key one. Note that I do my insert/delete renumbering in such a way that I do not generate a duplicate ordering number in a row while I move rows around, so there is no chance the "unique" row number is duplicated and could error while I reorder.

tovax

@JonB This code is based on your algorithm, the implementation of the insertion function.
I have some doubts:

I added the "row number" column, but deleted the primary key completely. I don't know whether this is reasonable;
The insertion operation in your algorithm is after reordering, but if the data is saved recursively from the last record, it seems that the last row should be inserted first;
If the database is relatively large, whether such large-scale replication of data will affect the speed.

void JCDemoDatabase::onInsertClicked()
{
    tableModel->database().transaction();

    // current row
    int32_t currentRow = tableView->currentIndex().row();

    // append row to the end
    tableModel->insertRow(tableModel->rowCount());

    // reorder
    for (int row = tableModel->rowCount() - 1; row > currentRow; row--) {
        QSqlRecord record = tableModel->record(row - 1);
        record.setValue(Table::RowNumber, row);
        qDebug() << __FUNCTION__ << tableModel->setRecord(row, record);
    }

    // "update" new record
    QSqlRecord record = tableModel->record(currentRow);
    record.setValue(Table::RowNumber, currentRow);
    for (int32_t columnIndex = Table::Field::Min; columnIndex <= Table::Field::Max; columnIndex++) {
        record.setValue(Table::FieldText[columnIndex], QString("---"));
    }
    tableModel->setRecord(currentRow, record);

    // submit all
    if (tableModel->submitAll()) {
        tableModel->database().commit();
        qDebug() << __FUNCTION__ << "Error 1: " << tableModel->lastError().text();
    } else {
        tableModel->database().rollback();
        qDebug() << __FUNCTION__ << "Error 2: " << tableModel->lastError().text();
    }
}

JonB

@tovax
After this I'm going to have to leave you to your own devices. My suggestions were only ideas, you don't have to follow what I say.

It is "usual" to have some primary key in a table, even if it's just an auto-inc ID. However, it's not mandatory. Some purists won't like without. (You might even utilise this to keep your "ordering" not in the data records but in a separate table which just has ordering number + the PK of the row in the data table, to reduce what must be renumbered; though for small data I would suspect more trouble than it's worth.)
Afraid I don't know about this/what you're asking. Do whatever is necessary, may not matter.
Yes, row renumbering will be slow for a lot of rows. I said so earlier. But it's not easy to come up with a better way to allow row order with insertions in the middle. I don't think this is affected by PKs or anything, it has always been an issue however you approach it.

The problem is that from Qt you're sending each row to be renumbered. May be unavoidable with, say, SQLite. But here's the irritant for, say, a remote "proper" SQL database (MySQL, SQL Server etc.): when we want to insert a row at rowNumToInsert what we really want to execute is just a single SQL statement:

UPDATE table SET rowNumColumn = rowNumColumn + 1 WHERE rowNumColumn >= rowNumToInsert

(And btw similar when deleting a row.) No sending records over the wire, no thousands of statements to execute. If you really care you could investigate doing it this way.

tovax

@JonB
OK, thank you very much for your patience. I'll think about these problems carefully in the future.
Best regards!

JonB

@tovax
Just answer one (actually two :) ) questions: how many rows are you going to have to renumber, and is the database local file or remote server on network?

tovax

@JonB Up to 10000 rows. It's a local file.

JonB

@tovax
Hmm. Local file good news, 10,000 rows to potentially renumber not so good! :( That's quite a lot for an "Excel-like" situation. You'll have to test the speed.

To the best of my knowledge, the way it would work in Excel is: read in the whole file, do lots of insertions in memory, rewrite the whole file on save, in the correct order of rows. So only slow on save & exit. But I can see you want/need to commit these changes as the user goes along, you can't keep them all in memory till then?

Let's go back in history. Before you were born when I started programming ;-) we used BASIC(!). Every code line had a line number. These were initially 10 apart (10, 20, 30, ...). That allowed up to 9 new lines to be inserted between each original lines with suitable numbers before you "bumped into" an existing, used line number. You could then either move an original line up/down by, say, 5 to make some extra room; or, you could do the "renumber" command, which essentially re-renumbered the whole file back to gaps of 10. The result was a lot less overall renumbering.

If you think about it, you could use that approach to assign your "ordering" number value to your rows so as to avoid an awful lot of the necessity to renumber many rows in the database. On the infrequent occasions that the user tries to insert a new row where there is no gap, then & only then you tell him to "hang on" while you go renumber a lot of them in the database and then carry on as before. I think that is what I would probably do if I had your situation.

tovax

@JonB
I just tested 10000 rows, and it took 160 seconds to insert a row, which is really too long.

In order to prevent sudden power failure, I need to save the user's data in real time.

The insertion scheme you used in BASIC sounds really very good, and I'll try my best to implement it later. Thank you again.