In general you can read /etc/mtab or parse the output of the mount command. You can also use findmnt to target a search and provide a more parser friendly output.
You asked how to do it on linux...
AFAIK there is no cross-platform method, since mounting disk is very different from one OS to the next. I'm rather confident that the linux method can be used on mac as well, but I'm sure it will not work on M$.
