Ok guy thank you for that much replies :P! I solved the issue by myself anyway. In case sombebody has a similar problem here comes the solution:
What I did wrong was that I connected a time consuming function to the UpdateClient::tcpReady() slot. In this function I did some stuff which also lead to the emission of UpdateClient::tcpReady(). This broke the QEventQueue. So to what I had to chance was to skip the direct signal slot connection an do this in the UpdateClient::tcpReady():
QTimer::singleShot(0, this, SIGNAL(updateAvailable()));
No everything is working fine ;).