@britesc
I know nothing about this :) But did some Googling which may help?
First I will say I was "surprised" that your work and the instructions seems to fetch/use "Qt5" stuff when you want to build Qt6, but I guess that's right, for whatever reason!
For your error message I came across https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg/issues/32135#issuecomment-1603081312
I was able to resolve this issue by installing the additional required packages for qt5base (although I am targeting q6) and X11
required by qt5-base for qt5-x11extrasAPT_PACKAGES="$APT_PACKAGES libxkbcommon-dev libxcb-keysyms1-dev \
libxcb-image0-dev libxcb-shm0-dev libxcb-icccm4-dev libxcb-sync-dev \
libxcb-xfixes0-dev libxcb-shape0-dev libxcb-randr0-dev \
libxcb-render-util0-dev libxcb-xinerama0-dev libxcb-xkb-dev libxcb-xinput-dev"
Does this list of dependencies have any relevance for your situation?
That's all I know!
P.S.
I see @jsulm has just posted. You should listen to him more than to me!