First, you need to download the plugin... in a way or another. :) You can, for example, clone the qt/qtquickcontrols2.git repo, or grab qtquickcontrols2-everywhere-src-5.10.1.zip from download.qt.io. Then, browse to src/imports/controls/imagine/design and double click 9-patch-export.sketchplugin. Sketch should inform that the 9-patch export plugin has been installed.

You can export individual image assets from the Export pane, or export all exportable image assets with the Export tool button in the top right corner. The script callback gets called either way, and 9-patch image assets are simply detected by the ".9" suffix in the image asset export names.

PS. Yeah, the whole process should be documented and there should be a simple download link in the docs. I guess somebody forgot something. :)