No i am not aware of an appropriate document, other than the docs and the item-view examples and some good ol' trial and error.

int AlbumModel::rowCount(const QModelIndex & parent = QModelIndex()) const
{
      return mAlbums->count();
}
int AlbumModel::columnCount() const
{
      return ???; // number of properties you want to show of the item
}

Then Qt (the item view) creates a QModelIndex for each cell (row/column) and requests the data with it.

If your list items represents the rows and the columns the items's data, you can use the index' row for the list item and the column index for the corresponding data of the item.

QVariant AlbumModel::data(const QModelIndex& index,int role) const {
    if(!isIndexValid(index)) {
        return QVariant();
    }
    const Album& album = *mAlbums->at((int) index.row());
    switch(role) {
        case IdRole:
            return album.id();;
        case NameRole:
        case Qt::DisplayRole:
            return album.name();
        default:
            return QVariant();
    }
}

I can't understand this line:

    const Album& album = *mAlbums->at((int) index.row());

It doesn't know. You have to implemented at least QVariant QAbstractItemModel::data(const QModelIndex &index, int role = Qt::DisplayRole) const and int QAbstractItemModel::rowCount(const QModelIndex &parent = QModelIndex()) const

edit: I was too slow :)

And,how do the QModelIndex and my pointer connect?

you need to implement the data() method in your model accordingly.
Qt requests data via the data item roles and you need to return the corresponding QVariant data in your data() method for them.

Maybe you are looking for QSqlTableModel