The problem has been resolved. What I needed to do was to add a qml-directory in the executable folder of the program, consisting of these 3 folders copied from the Qt install directory:

• QtGraphicalEffects
• QtQuick
• QtQuick.2

Apart from that, I apparently needed a qt.conf file next to the executable with the following i the file:
[Paths]
Prefix=.

I'm not fully aware, why I need the qt.conf file, since I assumed that the default directory for the qml dll's already was in the same directory as the executable.

But this works, I'll edit the headline to Solved right away.

And yes, there is no need for the qml files in the deployed directory.

Thanks for the help!

But please enlighten me; if I have added the qml to the resource file, and use the qml by calling qrc:// shouldn't it then be embedded in the exe file?

Yes, that's correct.

That's what I'd assume, because that was the whole point in adding it to the resources. I wouldn't like to deploy qml files with my application...

Perhaps you're missing other files required for deployment (I don't mean .qml files)

That's what I'd assume, because that was the whole point in adding it to the resources. I wouldn't like to deploy qml files with my application...

How did you deploy your compiled files? Are all the dependencies in place?

See http://wiki.qt.io/Deploy_an_Application_on_Windows