So I have managed to do this, but would like to see if there are other, perhaps better, ways of achieving this. Using a widget application this is what I have done so far:

Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent): QWidget(parent)
{
    QGridLayout * grid = new QGridLayout(this);

    for(int i = 0; i < columns; i++)
    {
        for(int j = 0; j < rows; j++)
        {
            QPushButton * button = new QPushButton(this);
            grid->addWidget(button, j, i);

            // Set size text etc. for each button 

            connect(button, &QPushButton::clicked, [=](){
                func(i, j);     // Call the function which uses i and j here
            });
        }
    }
}

void Widget::func(int i, int j)
{
    // Do stuff with i and j here
}