I have the same issue and can reproduce it with the minimal testcase on Alpine Linux.
The applications that needs QSettings before QApplication is rosegarden. They read the style from qsettings and QApplications::setstyle needs to be called before the application constructor.
Chicken and the egg...
Someone have reported it here and has a qsettings patch as suggestion:
http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3168620&group_id=4932&atid=104932
I have no idea if this is a proper fix.
@--- src/corelib/io/qsettings.cpp 2010/11/06 01:55:18 1.1
+++ src/corelib/io/qsettings.cpp 2011/02/24 02:15:51
-117,7 +117,7
Q_GLOBAL_STATIC(ConfFileCache, unusedCacheFunc)
Q_GLOBAL_STATIC(PathHash, pathHashFunc)
Q_GLOBAL_STATIC(CustomFormatVector, customFormatVectorFunc)
-Q_GLOBAL_STATIC(QMutex, globalMutex)
+Q_GLOBAL_STATIC_WITH_ARGS(QMutex, globalMutex, (QMutex::Recursive))
static QSettings::Format globalDefaultFormat = QSettings::NativeFormat;
#ifndef Q_OS_WIN
@